Ranged Attacks are made like other attacks, but each ranged weapon has its own distance at which is can accurately attack.

Ranged weapon range is marked by a set of two numbers divided by a slash. The left number is the Normal Range of a weapon attack, and the range at which attacks are comfortably and normally. The right number shows the Long Range of a weapon attack, and under normal circumstances, Long Range ranged attacks are made at disadvantage.

Example: Range: 80ft/320ft

You make ranged attacks at disadvantage if an enemy is within 5 feet of you.